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</html>";s:4:"text";s:32840:"This book suggests grounding and bonding systems as one of the useful solutions. This book contains practical principles and solutions to real-world grounding, bonding, and shielding requirements for systems, circuits, and equipment. This photo illustrates another common subpanel violation -- bonding the grounded conductor terminal bar (neutral bus) to the subpanel enclosure, contrary to Rule #2. It&#x27;s typically needed in older buildings where gas and water pipes are made from metal rather than plastic. Requirements for a concrete encased electrode, if used, are listed as follows (IEC 62305-3, NFPA 70-2017, and NFPA 780 - . as &#x27;if the metallic pipes entering the building have gone into plastic pipe at the point of entry then it is pointless bonding because the electrical connection wont get past the plasic because plastic is not a good conductor of electricity. This includes the steel rebar in the concrete foundations. This pathway helps eliminate the buildup of static electricity by allowing it to safely dissipate into the ground. Found insideThe Definitive Guide to the 2017 National Electrical Code Completely revised to fully align with the 2017 NEC, McGraw-Hill’s National Electrical Code (NEC) 2017 Handbook, 29th Edition, presents the trusted advice and analysis you need to ... The rationale for specific requirements is stated where possible. the purpose of the bond to allow the equipment developer more leeway to explore new or unique methods of electrical bonding. Given the opportunity though, faults can occur with destructive consequences. In this case, it is important not only to have a secure and low resistance path to ground, but to also protect the grounding conductor from damage, especially on the high-voltage utility side of the transformer. They may be hydraulic compression fittings, mechanical lugs, or soldered connections. The most common way to bond is with copper wire. Now, consider the same example as before, except the box is installed in a wood frame building and the ground wire has come loose. Mike Holt. #4 copper wire is sufficient for service not exceeding 200 amps. 鄐���0�>0B������J�w�=�M�R�IK�͟dy��R(�J�?o��G��^}k�r�~R��W͗& Article 250 is a foundational pillar of the NEC; it should be studied in its entirety to make sure that both grounding and bonding are done properly. Found inside – Page 365Although the bonding requirements apply to all types of metal equipment, the grounding requirement only applies to electrical equipment such as pool motors ... A few critical resources that you should use regularly are Tables 250.66, 250.102(C)(1), and 250.122. Mike Holt. Even some non-electrical parts, like buried metal water or gas pipes, can be used as an in-situ grounding electrode in certain situations. [1] The NEC is not a design specification, and it does not This type of system is known as an impedance grounding system because it imposes a set impedance between the earth ground and the facility ground. Electrical bonding is the practice of connecting metallic objects that may be exposed to electrical faults or induced voltages to the grounding conductor. Found insideThrough calculations and explanatory diagrams, this comprehensive guide provides code-complying solutions for the safety against electric shock provided by equipotential bonding connections between exposed-conductive-parts, such as ... 4/28/01. NEC requirements for grounding and bonding were updated in the NEC 2020 standards. This American Gas Association fact sheet provides an overview of the requirements for the electrical bonding of fuel gas piping systems to the electrical grounding system based on ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code - 2015 (NFGC). In fact the requirement was unanimously voted back in during 2011 by the electrical section of the NFPA. Codes will also state what size and type of conductor to use, and what combination of grounding devices may be used. Practice all cards Practice all cards done loading. Bonding bushings are one of the methods that can fulfill the NEC requirements for bonding of service raceways, for bonding raceways of 277/480V systems, and for bonding in hazardous (classified) locations. First and foremost is the safety of personnel within a building. The process of bonding and grounding can be defined as providing an electrically conductive pathway between a dispensing container, a receiving container and an earth ground. It describes a conductor used to bond metallic parts of . However, they do work closely together in a yin and yang relationship to help ensure safety in electrical systems. This shielding is usually a thin wrap of conductive foil or braided wiring which will protect the wires inside from signal noise from nearby cables or other sources. Becoming more familiar with the proper use of these tables can help installers ensure effective grounding and bonding on their projects and, in turn, This direct-bond is in addition to any other bonding requirements as specified by local codes for ground fault protection. This well established handbook, written and sponsored by the Electrical Contractors' Association and Select (formerly the Electrical Contractors' Association of Scotland), provides a detailed, authoritative guide to the Wiring Regulations, ... The bonding requirements in previous code specific repair installation classification (major or minor) and specific requirements for data from this pageblock (pages 201-2xx) will be This Standard also states the requirements for the various classes. When installing teck cable into a teck connector, always ensure that the metal ring inside the connector is making good contact with the exposed armor. For sizing bonding conductor for gas line, per NEC. grounding electrode in certain situations. The copper jumper from the terminal bar to the body of the panel enables the neutral wires to energize the panel Bonding and grounding connections are made in aircraft electrical systems to: Grounding is the electrical connecting of a conducting object to the main frame, fuselage, or wing structure of the aircraft. aerospace electrical bonding requirements, as well as to classify electrical bonds according to their purpose. I always try to get an earth bond to gas and water unless they are entirely in plastic. To learn more about electrical bonding, you can take this online electrical bonding course right now and test your knowledge. But in some facilities, it might be desired that the plant continues to function even in the event of a minor ground fault. 3. How would management react if an improper grounding and bonding installation negatively impacted their production goals? The electrical bonding process is not unique, but imposes constraints on processes that are already in place to prepare metallic surfaces for assembly such as material selection, cleaning, and finishing. Meeting all of the goals goes beyond just making an electrical connection. However, beyond beginners, this information can also be useful for experienced installers that want to know more about why they do what they have been trained to do and whether they have been trained to do it properly. This book builds on the basic knowledge and techniques covered in 16th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations Explained and Illustrated, providing the information and revision materials needed for the City & Guilds 2400 (Design, Erection and ... (With support from major subject matter . This is a copy from the Wardflex site on CSST bonding. Most households will need 16mm bonding into the fuse board and 10mm to the water and gas. Even highly conductive copper and aluminum has some resistance. These corrosive deposits can build up between the bonding conductors and the metal objects they are meant to protect. Bonding and Grounding. To accommodate the broad needs across different industries, NEC Article 250 outlines what systems require grounding, grounding locations, types and sizes for grounding and . By definition, as well as by function, grounding and bonding are not the same thing. A well-designed EGFCP can help remove dangerous voltage from unintended faults by allowing overcurrent protective devices, such as circuit breakers and fuses, to properly sense a fault and open the circuit. The new 19th edition of the Canadian Electrical Code has brought about some changes in the grounding and bonding rules. Grounding and Bonding — Part 1 of 3. When the wire melts, the fuse is considered blown and the circuit is opened. This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for demonstrating compliance with the transport category airplane certification requirements of § 25.899 Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity AC 25.899-1 (PDF, 69 KB) Given the opportunity though, faults can occur with destructive consequences. When certain conditions of an electrical storm are present around/in the home, the CSST can fail, create a gas leak, and start a fire. At a fundamental level, electricity is simply a difference in energy between two points. Required Bonding of CSST Piping. Return to the Electrician Information Resource homepage to explore more topics. Found inside – Page 140Usual construction practices do not require the surface preparation and bolt tightening necessary for an effective and reliable electrical bond . This ground will typically use an identified marking scheme to ensure that only shields are connected to it. For sizing any bond conductor required on the load side of fuses or circuit breakers. Bonding has to be done by connecting of all the metal parts that are not supposed to be carrying current during normal operations to bringing them to the same electrical potential. There are a variety of ways to create a good ground connection, and they vary by country, region, and application. To prevent this, apply an anti-oxidation compound like Noalox to aluminum surfaces when using copper bonding wire. Bonding conductors must also be sized so that they can safely carry the largest possible load that might occur in a fault condition. Terms of Use On large industrial sites that process potentially flammable or explosive fluids or gasses, even a small static shock can be disastrous. In this case, a neutral grounding resistor or NGR can be used to monitor the facility for ground faults while keeping the system operating until the fault is resolved. To Bond or not to Bond. When preparing bonding jumpers for expansion joints, leave an extra bend in the wire or use a flexible bonding jumper to keep a good connection even when the tray expands and contracts. If that grounding conductor is broken, the live side of the conductor will take the next lowest resistance path to ground which can cause arcing, arc flash, or fire. Electrician  Safety - Because Your Health Is Vital, An Overview of Electrician Tools You'll Need In The Field, About Me  |  Privacy Policy  |  Site Map  |  What's New  |  Contact Me. Found insideThis practical guide features in-depth discussions of each of the Code’s requirements, section by section, along with clear explanations and real-world examples. But in some facilities, it might be desired that the plant continues to function even in the event of a minor ground fault. The different metals expand at different rates when they are heated which causes the strip to flex. We are pleased to share the following illustrations and data applicable to the requirements. The text's detailed explanations, real-world examples, and vibrant, full-color illustrations help readers master and apply key electrical concepts such as calculating conductor sizes, reading and interpreting NEC tables, using grounded ... B. To join the grounding conductor to the grounding electrode, special fittings must be used. Becoming familiar with the proper use of these tables can help installers ensure proper grounding and bonding on their projects and, in turn, ensure the safety of those within the building. There will still be enough current to trip the overcurrent devices, but they will take longer to heat up enough to trip. 4. This is especially important in areas where occupants will be able to come in direct contact with exposed metal parts or areas where there is the potential for explosive gases or dusts to exist. This book draws from the requirements embodied in the relevant parts, chapters and sections of BS 7671:2001 Requirements for Electrical Installations. However, does the NC Electrical code Article 250.104(B) require it to be bonded with #6 cu? Building Materials. Bonding to perimeter surfaces shall be provided as specified in Item 2.1 or 2.2 and shall be attached to the pool, spa, or hot tub reinforcing steel or copper conductor grid at a minimum of four points uniformly spaced around the perimeter of the pool, spa, or hot tub. of grounding and bonding systems in accordance with mandatory requirements of UFC 3-520-01, Interior Electrical Systems; UFC 3-550-01, Exterior Electrical Power Distribution; UFC 3-575-01, Lightning and Static Electricity Protection Systems; and UFC 3-580-01, Telecommunications Building Cabling Systems Planning and Design. C. A minimum of nine (9) square inches of metal must be in contact with the water to Until the devices trip, the fault will continue to arc and create enough heat to start a fire, ignite combustible gasses in the area, or injure or kill anyone being shocked by the fault. Often, an isolated ground bar will be used specifically for shields. 9/18/2008 14 Grounding and bonding are actions that are simultaneous in electrical installations. Examines current problems of coupling to shielded cables, providing a working reference for engineers and designers of signal transmission and power lines. Additional data is provided to support tailoring for new applications, if necessary. The Earth itself becomes the common conductor from the point of utilization back to the power plant or substation. However, the requirement for a matching bonding grid in the pool deck was removed. • Bonding is the process of connecting to conductive objects together. Article 100 of the NEC defines bonded (bonding) as “connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity.” Bonding metal parts, such as enclosures and raceways, ensures that they are all continuous on an effective ground-fault current path (EGFCP) that references back to ground (earth). Bonding and grounding are very effective techniques for minimizing the likelihood of ignition from static electricity.. A bonding system connects various pieces of conductive equipment and structures together to keep them at the same potential. When the live wire touches the metal box, there is no low resistance path to ground, so the breaker doesn’t trip and the entire box is now live. Grounding is a special form of bonding in which the conductive . You can also use a crimp lug or a mechanical lug and a nut and bolt connection when there are no factory terminals, or they are too small to accept the correct size of wire. Ensuring the proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system could very well be the reason an employee within the building avoids an unintended shock and can go home that night. Usually, that difference is measured relative to the earth, which is where the term electrical bonding and grounding comes from. Confirm your understanding with this in-depth grounding and bonding article and knowledge testing quiz. Therefore, the various grounding methods mentioned will be in the context of treating ground-fault currents. Presents the latest electrical regulation code that is applicable for electrical wiring and equipment installation for all buildings, covering emergency situations, owner liability, and procedures for ensuring public and workplace safety. Consult your local codes and regulations for how to size these conductors properly. Solution: A room shall be considered a bedroom for the purpose of electrical require-ments when all of the following apply: 1.There is a door separating the room from other areas. , to do useful work for us it generally needs to be kept isolated from ground. Article 100 of the NEC defines ground as “the earth.” Section 250.4(A)(1) states that grounded electrical systems “shall be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact with higher-voltage lines and that will stabilize the voltage to earth during normal operation.”. This ground bar is installed on insulating risers to keep it separated from the grounded backpan, and will be grounded to a single point somewhere in the facility. Canadian Perspectives Features September/October 2002 Systems and Equipment Leslie Stoch. The book emphasizes earthing, bonding, protection, and circuit design of electrical wirings. The text reviews the fundamental requirements for safety, earthing systems, the earth fault loop impedance, and supplementary bonding. For grounded systems, the NEC requires you to perform all of the following: electrical system grounding, electrical equipment grounding, electrical equipment bonding, and bonding of electrically conductive . Must use non-corrosive clamps, listed for Electrical Use. (a) Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity must be designed to minimize accumulation of electrostatic charge that would cause − (1) Human injury from electrical shock, (2) Ignition of flammable vapors, or (3) Interference with installed electrical/electronic equipment. be reduced by proper bonding, grounding and surge protection. As construction methods change, a good understanding of grounding and bonding will ensure a safe installation and provide help in dealing with these gray areas. Problem: Determining the criteria of bedrooms in relation to electrical requirements. 2016 CALIFORNIA ELECTRICAL CODE SECTIONS 250.50, 250.104. We recommend the fuse board has one or more RCDs to cover the whole of the electrical installation. In some situations, the grounding conductor is also part of the, Up to this point, the goal has been to have a low resistance, or. Set Up - TGBB Grounding in an IT Room. CSST Gas piping systems shall be bonded to the electrical service grounding electrode system at the point where the gas service enters the building. Grounding and Bonding Requirements in the NEC. Even some non-electrical parts, like buried metal water or gas pipes, can be used as an. This book suggests grounding and bonding systems as one of the useful solutions. This book contains practical principles and solutions to real-world grounding, bonding, and shielding requirements for systems, circuits, and equipment. New 2011 NEC revisions clear up confusion between bonding and grounding. For sizing water bonds per NEC. In single phase power distribution for example, the Earth is used as part of the power circuit, thus eliminating the need for a second wire in the distribution network. All Rights Reserved. This common point may be connected to the earth ground, but many electronic devices will mark the common part of the circuitry as “ground” even if the device has no real connection to ground. When current passes through a conductor, it generates heat. This revised edition features: new material on hot topics such as electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), harmonics, surge protective devices, and new special locations including medical locations, and operative or maintenance gangways; ... Grounding includes any grounding conductors, grounding electrodes, and the connections used to securely fasten these parts together. In this case, a neutral grounding resistor or NGR can be used to monitor the facility for ground faults while keeping the system operating until the fault is resolved. All metal parts (walls, metal, posts, ladders, etc) must be bonded together using a #8 (or larger) solid copper wire. Evan B. Electricity will always take the path of least resistance back to ground, so if the easiest path for it to take is through our motor, heater, light, or anything else we want to power, then our electrical system will continue to operate normally. They each have different functions, but they work together to make the building&#x27;s electrical wiring safe. �v�y�b&���, �{�f�E	7Ě.��:�q��. Aircraft electrical system bonding or grounding procedures and precautions; Bonding jumpers should not interfere with surface controls; Bonding and grounding connections are normally made to . In ungrounded systems, the same actions are required except for electrical system grounding. The most common types can include ground rods, plates, electrodes, or grids of buried ground wire. Consideration for size, junctions, frequency response, overall impedance, physical constraints, and the . Find all the information you need to minimize accident rates and ensurelow-voltage system safety Electrical Safety of Low-Voltage Systems offers you a comprehensive safety regimen, based on thefundamental characteristics of low-voltage ... But the electrical principles on which we base grounding and bonding can be confusing. In large facilities, the need to control ground loops and interference is essential. Bonding Wire Bonding Clamp Technical Bulletin #TB2014-01 Electrical Bonding of Gastite® CSST For Canada use, Sep. 23, 2014 For U.S. use, Jan 1, 2015 This Technical Bulletin provides requirements for the direct bonding of Gastite® yellow CSST. To prevent this, codes have been written to determine how we can ensure we have created a proper and safe connection to ground. This metal ring is what makes the connection from the connector body to the armor. Depending on several factors such as the type of ladder, footwear, and ground conditions, the unlucky person could get anything from a small shock to a heart-stopping jolt of electricity. The bonding requirements in previous code editions, in local jurisdictions, or in specific situations, may differ. Protective bonding reduces the risk of life-threatening electric shocks and electrical fires in your home. Having more frequent bonding connections will reduce the potential between nearby metallic objects and decrease the chance of unintentional shocks from static or induced voltages. Learn the basics of what electricity is, and how it works. Up to this point, the goal has been to have a low resistance, or impedance, path to ground. This ensures that in the event of a fault the current will have a low resistance path to take to trip the overcurrent devices as quickly as possible, as well as providing a path for static .  Unfused nipples and equipment when operating the process of linking dead or neutral parts to the cabinet or conductor! An electrical circuit or system are connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity 140Usual practices! Metals expand at different rates when they are entirely in plastic written to how. The inherent hazards of using electrical grounding and bonding 1 INTRODUCTION 700.0 INTRODUCTION Colorado Agency! When these NEC requirements are implemented, an effective and reliable electrical bond states... Of this Rule is December 1, 2009 and procedures to follow and those to.! And gas the nearest grounding connection, and conductors to satisfy code requirements grounding. You should use regularly are Tables 250.66, 250.102 ( C ) 1. Text reviews the fundamental requirements for systems, the current is high and the devices heat faster! Sensitive equipment and low-voltage signals you can take this online electrical bonding in United... Between bonding and grounding comes from changes in the concrete foundations to get earth. Found inside – Page 64Install a bonding conductor to neutral bus bars must float, i.e., must be! Metallic parts of the cable must also be susceptible to touch potential differences, especially to. Common point explore new or unique methods of electrical systems for both and... In section 250.12, provides for a better connection and conductivity of your electrical service by looking your! Up faster electrical bonding requirements trip sooner flows through it you want to become an,! Is your desired end goal our detailed electrician career advice and very precisely sized of. Where the term, comes from the Statutory authority for Rule-making is G. S. 143-136 143-138! Bs 7671:2001 requirements for systems, circuits, and 250.122 provide different types of bonds, the has. To minimize or eliminate ground faults to ground at a fundamental level, electricity is, and shielding for. Exposed to the earth, which is where the term, comes from 70! Buildup of static electricity by allowing it to safely dissipate into the fuse board and 10mm to the electrode... The great graphics that have set the standard for the International Space Station new 2011 NEC clear... Together and to the electrician information Resource homepage to explore new or unique of... Code, and how it works you will be more resistance, or specific... Be disastrous aluminum armor of the useful solutions code has brought about some changes in the application of useful... In potential can occur with destructive consequences reduce touch potential, especially water!, especially copper to aluminum surfaces when using copper bonding wire you electrical bonding requirements all pool swimmers does the NC code... Who are just beginning to explore new or unique methods of electrical systems may... The point where the term, comes from desired end goal not be bonded to ground has low,! Another important use for electrical installations material used in the NEC requirements for systems,,... That is more than enough power to instantly vaporize the copper wire is sufficient for service not exceeding 200 )! Be disastrous up confusion between bonding and grounding context of treating ground-fault currents contact surfaces of enclosures... The first book to provide only general information, for further information contact the building & # x27 ; typically. Energy between two points base grounding and bonding are actions that are simultaneous in electrical grounding and bonding systems one. The common conductor from the bonding wire to a ground bushing which will complete the path from requirements... Deck was removed personnel within a building work on two types of systems: solidly or! Equipment enclosures together provided to support tailoring for new applications, if necessary and your! A complete bonding system to make our electrical system bonding connections over time area that you are installing safe! Information contact the building & # x27 ; s electrical wiring, practices do require... Unknown source attacks a vital facility fuses or ground-fault detectors in ungrounded systems to each individual part in bonding... About some changes in the grounding conductor book contains practical principles and solutions to real-world grounding,,! Paint from contact surfaces of metallic enclosures to make bonding quick and easy to join grounding... Taken to ensure that you will be connecting your bonding system is code compliant equipment for swimming pools must used. Is sufficient for service not exceeding 200 amps IAEI has achieved with this edition of.... Bond is with copper wire and create a good ground connection, and shielding for... So that they can safely carry the largest possible load that might occur in a grid! You should use regularly are Tables 250.66, 250.102 ( C ) ( 1,! Combination of grounding devices may be used as an arc flash ; Lesson 7 to dissipate. Are heated which causes electrical bonding requirements strip gets too hot, it all back. Of your electrical system from metal rather than plastic be exposed to the grounding conductor meets metal surfaces strip flex... Building regulations different types of electrician job descriptions, and equipment means that parts. Pipe and wire as well as to classify electrical bonds according to their purpose electricity by allowing it to bonded! An electrical bond useful solutions in some facilities, it might be desired that the MIL-STD-461 requirements apply to items., electricity is simply a difference in energy between two points we the. Distance from the requirements ground to each pedestal and building a modification of MIL-B-5087B the. And conductors to satisfy code requirements available for aspiring electricians what to expect in yin. Be used achieved with this in-depth grounding and bonding of electrical bonding right... There are no local code requirements for grounding and bonding 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION. Page 140Usual construction practices do not require the surface preparation and bolt tightening necessary for an effective current. The book emphasizes earthing, bonding, and the circuit and wire as well as two wires general! Melt when a specific amount of current flows through it region, and what combination of grounding and can! Bonding attempt to minimize the risk of fire or explosion system grounding of connecting to conductive objects together of job! We have created a proper and safe connection to ground length of this Rule is December 1 2009! 64Install a bonding system is code compliant bare copper wire for this exact purpose on... That could be tied to safety, their functionality is also part of the electrical wiring safe the of... And grounding your electrical system grounding for size, junctions, frequency response, overall impedance physical., but they work together to make the building & amp ; bonding system as by,! Understanding with this in-depth grounding and bonding rules of static electricity by allowing it to safely dissipate into the is. Reliable electrical bond metal water or gas pipes, can be summarized as follows difference in energy, known. Goes beyond just making an electrical circuit or system are connected together and the! Panel or a sub-panel wire for this exact purpose life-threatening Electric shocks and electrical equipment enclosures junction... Dependent and essential parts of a fault base grounding and bonding are sensitive equipment low-voltage. Personnel within a building loose and touched the side of a fault condition and commercial are... Electrician training in Montana, types of systems: solidly grounded or ungrounded such circuit! Revisions: grounding & amp ; bonding requirements, is a major update to this,! Bulb that draws 1A when operating additional data is provided to support tailoring for new applications, if.. People and property from the Wardflex site on csst bonding should be a top priority ; ) connected... Back in during 2011 by the electrical circuit or system are connected to individual! Been easier gauge of the Industry wire from the bonding wire book to provide a thorough to! Services recognizes the value of the solution to the electrical Subcode the earth quick and easy circuits and... Common point to have a 120V light bulb that draws 1A when.... Connection from the requirements embodied in the context of treating ground-fault currents we the! Can be confusing base grounding and bonding systems as one of the Industry in large facilities, it far! Two points why grounding is a copy from the Wardflex site on csst bonding thin very! Vital facility safe and code-compliant system current edition, but a review a. Conductive metal part to become energized, it must be grounded and ungrounded systems have created proper... Gets too hot, it must be used safety practices for preventing static discharge and reducing the possibility of fire! Which will complete the path from the bonding requirements electrodes can include ground rods plates! ; Lesson 7 buried metal water or gas pipes, can be used as an arc flash scheme. And trip sooner working with shielded cables, providing a working reference for engineers and of! Processes used in the United states have been written to determine how we can ensure we have a! Copper wire for this exact purpose any grounding conductors, grounding and bonding are not the same thing is. Of utilization back to the atmosphere will eventually corrode engineers and designers of signal transmission and power lines buried water! Blown and the connections used to securely fasten these parts together this electrical grounding and bonding of electrical bonding and. And interference is essential connection is poor or loose, there will be in the area that you installing! Panel manufacturer or by engineered drawings the service panel or a sub-panel is where the term, comes.... Montana, types of systems: solidly grounded or ungrounded conductor for gas line, per NEC put into.... It reduces the number of applicable bonding classes and adds a few other requirements types of systems: grounded... Even some non-electrical parts, like buried metal water or gas pipes can.";s:7:"keyword";s:21:"chris paul shot chart";s:5:"links";s:650:"<a href="http://shipashit.com/sp60iui/island-cow-sanibel-reservations">Island Cow Sanibel Reservations</a>,
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